SETTING: Tribal villages in the jungles of the Jawadhu hills, South India. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection and disease in a remote tribal population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey with two-stage screening for identification of cases. A stratified probability proportional sample with the hamlet as the unit. METHODS: Among 56 revenue divisions with a population of about 66,000, 24 revenue divisions were selected. Among 26,320 persons registered, children < 10 years were tuberculin tested and reactions were read after 72 hours. Those over 15 were X-rayed, and tuberculosis symptoms were investigated. Sputum was collected from those with abnormal X-ray or symptoms and examined for smear and culture positivity and sensitivity. RESULTS: Of the 6952 children tested and read, 5% had BCG scars and the prevalence of infection was 5%. The annual risk of infection was 1.1. Among adults, the prevalence of bacillary cases was 8/1000 and X-ray cases 29/1000. The prevalence of bacillary disease was higher among males, particularly with increasing age. Thirty symptomatic cases had normal X-rays and 63 X-ray cases had no symptoms. Thus prevalence would have been underestimated if either method had been used alone for screening. Isoniazid resistance was seen in 12% of patients, two of whom also had rifampicin resistance (2.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and pattern of tuberculosis in this tribal group is similar to that observed in non-tribal areas.
SETTING: Tribal villages in the jungles of the Jawadhu hills, South India. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection and disease in a remote tribal population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey with two-stage screening for identification of cases. A stratified probability proportional sample with the hamlet as the unit. METHODS: Among 56 revenue divisions with a population of about 66,000, 24 revenue divisions were selected. Among 26,320 persons registered, children < 10 years were tuberculin tested and reactions were read after 72 hours. Those over 15 were X-rayed, and tuberculosis symptoms were investigated. Sputum was collected from those with abnormal X-ray or symptoms and examined for smear and culture positivity and sensitivity. RESULTS: Of the 6952 children tested and read, 5% had BCG scars and the prevalence of infection was 5%. The annual risk of infection was 1.1. Among adults, the prevalence of bacillary cases was 8/1000 and X-ray cases 29/1000. The prevalence of bacillary disease was higher among males, particularly with increasing age. Thirty symptomatic cases had normal X-rays and 63 X-ray cases had no symptoms. Thus prevalence would have been underestimated if either method had been used alone for screening. Isoniazid resistance was seen in 12% of patients, two of whom also had rifampicin resistance (2.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and pattern of tuberculosis in this tribal group is similar to that observed in non-tribal areas.
Authors: Saskia den Boon; Schalk W P van Lill; Martien W Borgdorff; Donald A Enarson; Suzanne Verver; Eric D Bateman; Elvis Irusen; Carl J Lombard; Neil W White; Christine de Villiers; Nulda Beyers Journal: Emerg Infect Dis Date: 2007-08 Impact factor: 6.883
Authors: Daniel E Winetsky; Diana M Negoescu; Emilia H DeMarchis; Olga Almukhamedova; Aizhan Dooronbekova; Dilshod Pulatov; Natalia Vezhnina; Douglas K Owens; Jeremy D Goldhaber-Fiebert Journal: PLoS Med Date: 2012-11-27 Impact factor: 11.069
Authors: Anna H van't Hoog; Helen K Meme; Kayla F Laserson; Janet A Agaya; Benson G Muchiri; Willie A Githui; Lazarus O Odeny; Barbara J Marston; Martien W Borgdorff Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-07-06 Impact factor: 3.240