BACKGROUND: Douching has been related to risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). GOAL: To examine the association between douching and PID in a large, multicenter, clinical trial of PID after adjustment for race/ethnicity. STUDY DESIGN: Interviews were conducted with 654 women who had signs and symptoms of PID. Vaginal Gram stains and upper genital tract pathology/cultures were obtained from all the women. Women with evidence of plasma cell endometritis and/or gonococcal or chlamydial upper genital tract infections were compared with women who had neither endometritis nor upper genital tract infection. RESULTS: Women with endometritis or upper genital tract infection were more likely to have douched more than once a month or within 6 days of enrollment than women who never douched. These associations remained after adjustment for confounding factors, after analysis of black women only; and among women with normal or intermediate vaginal flora but not bacterial vaginosis. CONCLUSION: Among a predominantly black group of women with clinical PID, frequent and recent douching was associated with endometritis and upper genital tract infection.
BACKGROUND: Douching has been related to risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). GOAL: To examine the association between douching and PID in a large, multicenter, clinical trial of PID after adjustment for race/ethnicity. STUDY DESIGN: Interviews were conducted with 654 women who had signs and symptoms of PID. Vaginal Gram stains and upper genital tract pathology/cultures were obtained from all the women. Women with evidence of plasma cell endometritis and/or gonococcal or chlamydial upper genital tract infections were compared with women who had neither endometritis nor upper genital tract infection. RESULTS:Women with endometritis or upper genital tract infection were more likely to have douched more than once a month or within 6 days of enrollment than women who never douched. These associations remained after adjustment for confounding factors, after analysis of black women only; and among women with normal or intermediate vaginal flora but not bacterial vaginosis. CONCLUSION: Among a predominantly black group of women with clinical PID, frequent and recent douching was associated with endometritis and upper genital tract infection.
Authors: R J Diclemente; A M Young; J L Painter; G M Wingood; E Rose; J M Sales Journal: J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol Date: 2011-11-03 Impact factor: 1.814
Authors: Thanh Cong Bui; Ly Thi-Hai Tran; Leng Bun Hor; Michael E Scheurer; Damon J Vidrine; Christine M Markham Journal: Arch Sex Behav Date: 2016-01-07