Mixed effects models with bivariate and univariate association parameters for longitudinal bivariate binary response data.

When two binary responses are measured for each study subject across time, it may be of interest to model how the bivariate associations and marginal univariate risks involving the two responses change across time. To achieve such a goal, marginal models with bivariate log odds ratio and univariate logit components are extended to include random effects for all components. Specifically, separate normal random effects are specified on the log odds ratio scale for bivariate responses and on the logit scale for univariate responses. Assuming conditional independence given the random effects facilitates the modeling of bivariate associations across time with missing at random incomplete data. We fit the model to a dataset for which such structures are feasible: a longitudinal randomized trial of a cardiovascular educational program where the responses of interest are change in hypertension and hypercholestemia status. The proposed model is compared to a naive bivariate model that assumes independence between time points and univariate mixed effects logit models.