Idiopathic submucosal hematoma of esophagus complicated by dissecting aneurysm, followed-up endoscopically during conservative treatment.

Submucosal hematoma of the esophagus is encountered as a rare complication of endoscopic treatment for esophageal varices, but is seen more often with the increasing frequency of endoscopic applications. Idiopathic submucosal hematoma is a rarer event and in most cases sudden intense vomiting has been postulated as its cause. We report here the case of such a patient whose condition was complicated by a dissecting aneurysm. During conservative treatment, careful follow-up was required to differentiate the submucosal hematoma from an aorto-esophageal fistula.