Inhibin A is a follicle stimulating hormone-responsive marker of granulosa cell differentiation, which has both autocrine and paracrine actions in sheep.

The aim of these studies was to examine the origin, control and local actions of inhibin A in monovular species, using the sheep as a model. Experiment 1 examined the pattern of mRNA expression for the inhibin subunits in relation to follicular size and pattern of expression to other differentiative markers in granulosa (P450 aromatase) and thecal cells (P450 17alpha-hydroxylase). Experiment 2 examined the pattern of inhibin A production, in relation to oestradiol, by granulosa cells induced to differentiate in vitro with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Experiment 3 examined possible paracrine and autocrine actions of inhibin A by determining the effect of addition of human recombinant inhibin A and/or antiserum to inhibin on gonadotrophin-stimulated cellular differentiation. The results of Experiment 1 showed that expression of mRNA encoding inhibin subnuits alpha, beta(A) and beta(B) is greater (P<0.05) in large oestrogenic follicles than in small follicles but that only expression of the inhibin beta(A) subunit differs (P<0.05) between large oestrogenic and non-oestrogenic follicles. Expression of 17alpha-hydroxylase, but not of the luteinising hormone (LH) receptor, in thecal cells was related to both the size and the oestrogenicity of antral follicles, in a manner similar to that of the inhibin subunits. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the production of inhibin A by sheep granulosa cells is FSH-responsive after prolonged exposure (P<0.001) and precedes the production of oestradiol by around 48 h in the differentiative cascade induced in granulosa cells by FSH. The results of Experiment 3 showed that inhibin A can augment gonadotrophin-stimulated steroid production by both granulosa and theca cells (P<0.01), and that the addition of antiserum to inhibin can inhibit FSH-stimulated oestradiol production by granulosa cells from both small and large follicles (P<0.001). We conclude that inhibin A is an FSH-responsive marker of granulosa cell differentiation which has both autocrine and paracrine actions in sheep.