Management of bronchopleural fistula after lobectomy.

Bronchopleural fistula after lobectomy is fortunately a rare complication. In years past, this complication was encountered far more frequently. However, the morbidity associated with this complication is still significant. Bronchopleural fistulas develop in patients who are at increased risk of surgical morbidity because of their concomitant medical problems or as a result of chemotherapy for lung cancer or immunosuppression in transplant patients. These patients often present in a moribund, septic state, making their treatment even more difficult. Nevertheless, evaluation and management of these patients should proceed in a logical stepwise fashion. Evaluation of the patient with a bronchopleural fistula should proceed in a logical, stepwise manner form diagnosis to pulmonary rehabilitation.