Use of a modified ornithine decarboxylase promoter to achieve efficient c-MYC- or N-MYC-regulated protein expression.

One of the advantages of viral-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (VDEPT) is its potential for tumor-specific cytotoxicity. However, the viruses used to deliver cDNAs encoding prodrug-activating enzymes transduce normal cells as well as tumor cells, and several approaches to achieve tumor-specific expression of the delivered cDNAs are being investigated. One such approach is to regulate transcription of the prodrug-activating enzyme with a promoter that is preferentially activated by tumor cells. Published data suggest that the most promising transcription factor/promoter/enhancer combinations are those activated by a tumor-specific transcription factor to retain tumor cell specificity but that are equal in strength to nonspecific viral promoters in their ability to up-regulate target cDNAs. This report identifies MYC-responsive, modified ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) promoter/enhancer sequences that up-regulate target protein expression in tumor cells overexpressing either N-MYC or c-MYC protein. The most efficient of the four constructs assessed contained six additional CACGTG MYC binding sites 5' to the endogenous ODC promoter (R6ODC). Reporter assays with this chimeric promoter/enhancer regulating expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase demonstrated 50-250-fold more activity in MYC-expressing cells compared with similar assays with promoterless plasmids. The R6ODC regulatory sequence was approximately equivalent to the CMV promoter in inducing expression of the neomycin resistance gene in c-MYC-expressing SW480 and HT-29 colon carcinoma cells and in N-MYC-expressing NB-1691 neuroblastoma cells. The modified ODC promoter may, therefore, be useful in achieving tissue-specific expression of target proteins in tumor cells that overexpress c- or N-MYC.