Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in children and adolescents.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but potentially fatal complication of treatment with antipsychotic medications. Prior to 1994, there was no accepted set of diagnostic criteria. This article presents four adolescents admitted at Cleveland Clinic Foundation from 1985 to 1998, illustrating the broad spectrum of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. A review of the pediatric literature is discussed as to the current risk factors, pathogenesis, management, and outcome. Early recognition and supportive and specific treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome reduced the morbidity and mortality.