[Indigenous peoples' health and the implementation of Health Districts in Brazil: critical issues and proposals for a transdisciplinary dialogue].

Based on the authors' experience, this paper discusses a series of problems during the implementation of so-called Indigenous Health Districts (DSEI) in Brazil, related to organization of health services provision as viewed by both health professionals and anthropologists. The authors report on the Health District model's underlying concepts and present the different approaches used to implement the DSEI. The authors' experience refers to the Rio Negro area - in the northwestern Amazon, representing 10% of Brazil's total indigenous population - and the Brazilian Northeast, specifically the State of Pernambuco, with an indigenous population estimated at 20,000.