The microbiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: results of a community surveillance study.

In view of the rapidly changing patterns of antibiotic resistance, community surveillance studies are providing important information to help guide practitioners in making their choice of antibiotics. For this community surveillance study, we performed a retrospective chart review of nasal and sinus culture data obtained from 83 patients with typical symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis who visited a community otolaryngologist in Rochester, New York. Pathogens were isolated in 59 of these patients (71%). The most common were coagulase-negative staphylococci (31% of isolates). Among the other isolated pathogens were Hemophilus influenzae (25%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (12%), Moraxella catarrhalis (10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%), alpha-hemolytic streptococci (5%), and Staphylococcus aureus (3%). Approximately 39% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were resistant to penicillin. Some 20% of the H influenzae isolates were beta-lactamase-positive, and 14% of all isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Approximately 12% of the 83 patients cultured positive for multiple organisms. Our findings provide important surveillance information about the resistance patterns of pathogens in our area. Although the prevalence of beta-lactamase-positive H influenzae that we observed was consistent with those of other reports, we found a lower prevalence of polymicrobial flora. Our findings suggest that culture- and sensitivity-directed therapy should be effective in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.