Transcervical insemination techniques in the bitch.

The benefits of using endoscopic TCI for frozen semen come from being able to achieve the same or better results without the need and risks of general anesthesia and surgery. The ability to do all fresh and chilled inseminations this way will certainly improve conception rates without the owner having to make a decision about exposing their bitch to the risks of anesthesia and surgery. The other potential uses open up a whole new field for canine theriogenology. Above all, the client response to the technique is overwhelmingly positive. At times the learning process will be discouraging, but the end result is worth the effort. The endoscope should not be treated as something special for frozen semen insemination but should be used at every opportunity in order to develop experience and expertise in all situations.