Recent trends in protein biochip technology.

This article presents current trends and advances in protein biochip technologies that rely upon extraction and retention of target proteins from liquid media. Analytical strengths as well as technical challenges for these evolving platforms are presented with particular emphasis on selectivity, sensitivity, throughput and utility in the post-genome era. A general review of protein biochip technology is provided, which delineates approaches for protein biochip format and operation, as well as protein detection. A focused discussion of three protein biochip technologies, Biomolecular Interaction Analysis (Biacore, Uppsala, Sweden), Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionisation (SELDI) ProteinChip Arrays (Ciphergen Biosystems, Fremont, CA, USA) and Fluorescent Planar Wave Guide (Zeptosens, Witterswil, Switzerland), follows along with examples of relevant applications.