Surgical management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

We report surgical resections in 3 patients with active multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. All cases involved strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin and patients who were poor candidates for medical therapy alone. We conducted pulmonary resections (partial resection in case 1, lobectomy in case 2, and segmentectomy in case 3). The optimum multiple-drug regimen, based on drug susceptibility studies, was used preoperatively and postoperatively. In all cases, sputum smears and cultures yielded negative results postoperatively, and continue to be negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis to date. It is recommended that, if localized disease is present and medical treatment is likely to fail, pulmonary resection be conducted for multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.