Angiogenesis and its control in the female reproductive system.

The rapid, controlled and cyclical nature of angiogenesis in the female reproductive tract suggests that interference with this process should provide a novel approach to manipulation of reproductive function. Many factors involved in the regulation of angiogenesis have been identified, and the possibility of stimulating or inhibiting these paracrine control mechanisms is being addressed using current advances in the development of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic compounds. Studies with animal models indicate that the normal processes of folliculogenesis, ovulation and corpus luteum function in the ovary, and the control of menstruation and implantation in the endometrium could be profoundly influenced by manipulation of angiogenesis. Novel therapeutic agents targeted to the angiogenic pathway may also have a wide range of applications in pathological processes in the reproductive tract such as cancer, endometriosis, fibroid growth, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.