Brain activation during volitional control of breathing.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to demonstrate the brain activation during volitional control of breathing in nine healthy human subjects. This type of breathing was induced by acoustic stimuli dictating the respiratory frequency. During the period of dictated breathing not only the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, but also the parietal lobes were bilaterally activated. The frontal lobe was activated bilaterally in all subjects, with frequent activation of Brodmann areas 4 and 6. In the parietal lobe, activation could mostly be demonstrated in gyrus postcentralis and the same was true for area 22 in the temporal lobe.