Data collection with adolescents.

Adolescence spans a wide time period during which development and its context influence behaviour and the strategies used for data collection. This article addresses problems that can be anticipated in data collection with adolescents. Problems are presented that are associated with adolescent developmental capacities, adolescent developmental change and stability, gender and ethnicity. Some problems are specific to certain settings or to certain data collection methods. The application of theoretical and empirical knowledge about adolescent development can strengthen data collection instruments and procedures. Strategies to enhance data collection include carefully defining adolescence and tailoring procedures and protocols based on a theoretical understanding of the biological, cognitive and emotional development of adolescents in conjunction with an understanding of the characteristics of the research setting. Adolescent research settings can pose challenges. Investigators must understand clinic routines in evaluating the feasibility of implementing protocols and collecting data where there are distractions and time constraints. In education settings, strategies must be used to collect data in a group context where peer pressure can affect responses. In home settings, ingrained response patterns and family norms can also impede obtaining valid perspectives from adolescents. Ethnicity as well may play an important role that must be addressed when designing and implementing data collection with adolescents. Procedures and instruments selected to collect data need to address variations in ethnicity.