The function of scavenger receptors expressed by macrophages and their role in the regulation of inflammation.

Macrophages are able to recognise and internalise apoptotic and foreign cells from the tissue microenvironment and, where pertinent, initiate inflammation and macrophage activation. Regulation of this protective response is important so as to prevent inappropriate activation of host cells and excessive tissue damage. Scavenger receptors (SRs) are widely expressed by macrophages and are able to bind a diverse array of endogenous and foreign molecules. Studies have concentrated on the role of the receptors in atherosclerosis as they can endocytose modified lipoproteins, however, this review will detail the accumulating evidence that SRs function in innate immunity and macrophage control during inflammation.