Neurovascular contact of the brain stem in hypertensive and normotensive subjects: MR findings and clinical significance.

BACKGROUND AND
PURPOSE: About 20 years ago, a theory was put forward that neurovascular contact of the root entry zone (REZ) of the ninth and 10th cranial nerve is responsible for elevated blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we used MR tomography and MR angiography to evaluate the presence and degree of neurovascular contact of the REZ of the ninth and 10th cranial nerves in patients with essential hypertension as compared with patients with renal parenchymal hypertension and normotensive healthy volunteers.
METHODS: Patients with essential hypertension (group 1; n = 33), renal parenchymal hypertension (group 2; n = 30), and normotensive healthy volunteers (group 3; n = 25) underwent high-resolution (axial and coronal) brain stem MR imaging and MR angiography. The images were interpreted consensually by two radiologists who were blinded to the patients' hypertensive status. Neurovascular contact was graded as vessel contact without associated brain stem deformity (grade I), vessel contact with associated brain stem deformity (grade II), or vessel contact with associated deformity and displacement of the brain stem (grade III).
RESULTS: Neurovascular contact of the REZ of the ninth and 10th cranial nerve on the left side was found in 48.5% in group 1, in 26.7% in group 2, and in 48.0% in group 3. The rate of neurovascular contact on the right side was 24.2%, 13.3%, and 40.0%, respectively. chi(2) analysis showed no statistical difference between the groups.
CONCLUSION: Neurovascular contact is not more frequent in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensive control subjects or in those with secondary hypertension; therefore, MR imaging cannot aid patient selection for neurosurgical vascular decompression.