BACKGROUND: We report on a renal transplant patient with recurrent attacks of fever, in which Salmonella septicemia as well as visceral leishmaniasis were diagnosed. PATIENT: The patient was a 62-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy and a living related kidney transplantation. RESULTS: Nearly 2 years after the transplantation, the patient developed recurrent attacks of fever, which were initially diagnosed as non-typhoid salmonellosis and improved after treatment. Three months later, he had relapses of fever. As the patient developed pancytopenia, a bone marrow aspiration was done, showing Leishmania parasites. The patient responded well to treatment with sodium stibogluconate. CONCLUSIONS: A high index of suspicion, together with better diagnostic assays to detect visceral leishmaniasis, is warranted in the diagnostic work-up of any fever of unknown origin in immunocompromised patients, especially in endemic areas.
BACKGROUND: We report on a renal transplant patient with recurrent attacks of fever, in which Salmonella septicemia as well as visceral leishmaniasis were diagnosed. PATIENT: The patient was a 62-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy and a living related kidney transplantation. RESULTS: Nearly 2 years after the transplantation, the patient developed recurrent attacks of fever, which were initially diagnosed as non-typhoid salmonellosis and improved after treatment. Three months later, he had relapses of fever. As the patient developed pancytopenia, a bone marrow aspiration was done, showing Leishmania parasites. The patient responded well to treatment with sodium stibogluconate. CONCLUSIONS: A high index of suspicion, together with better diagnostic assays to detect visceral leishmaniasis, is warranted in the diagnostic work-up of any fever of unknown origin in immunocompromised patients, especially in endemic areas.
Authors: P Martín-Dávila; J Fortún; R López-Vélez; F Norman; M Montes de Oca; P Zamarrón; M I González; A Moreno; T Pumarola; G Garrido; A Candela; S Moreno Journal: Clin Microbiol Rev Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 26.132