Estimation of the percolation thresholds in dextromethorphan hydrobromide matrices.

Percolation theory is a multidisciplinary theory that studies chaotic systems. It has been applied in the pharmaceutical field since 1987. Knowledge of the percolation threshold -- one of the most important concepts in percolation theory -- results in a clear improvement of the solid dosage form design. The percolation threshold is the concentration showing the maximum probability to obtain, for the first time, a percolating cluster of a substance. In this work, the percolation thresholds of dextromethorphan.HBr/Eudragit RS-PM inert matrices were estimated. The drug percolation threshold was estimated as 0.3691+/-0.0541 (P=0.05) of the total porosity (ranging between 23 and 36% w/w of drug). The SEM micrographs of the matrices are consistent with the estimated percolation range. In agreement with previous reports, different percolation thresholds were found for the matrix forming excipient Eudragit RS-PM. The site percolation threshold (based on the release properties) ranged between 10 and 20% v/v of the excipient, the site-bond percolation threshold (estimated from the mechanical properties) between 29.5 and 34% v/v of the excipient and the swelling percolation threshold between 34.3 and 46.9% v/v of the excipient. These percolation ranges are in agreement with those found previously for Eudragit RS-PM matrices containing naltrexone.HCl and morphine.HCl.