M Kamada1, M Irahara, M Maegawa, Y Ohmoto, T Takeji, T Yasui, T Aono. 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, and the Cellular Technology Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, Tokushima, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on the postmenopausal changes in serum cytokine levels. STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen cytokines were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 97 untreated and hormone replacement-treated women. Thirteen women were examined before and during hormone replacement therapy. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of macrophage colony-stimulating factor were significantly (P < .05) lower during the early postmenopausal period (< or = 10 years) than the values in premenopause and the elevated levels in the late postmenopausal period (< or = 30 years). A significant increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and a decline in transforming growth factor beta1 were found in late postmenopausal women. Serum levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in women receiving hormone replacement therapy were significantly higher than those in untreated postmenopausal women. Furthermore, hormone replacement therapy induced a significant (P < .01) increase in serum levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor, whereas serum levels of other cytokines were not affected. CONCLUSION: It is well documented that macrophage colony-stimulating factor lowers serum cholesterol concentrations and prevents atherosclerosis. Inducing the production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a possible additional mechanism of hormone replacement therapy in mediating the antiatherogenic effect.
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on the postmenopausal changes in serum cytokine levels. STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen cytokines were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 97 untreated and hormone replacement-treated women. Thirteen women were examined before and during hormone replacement therapy. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of macrophage colony-stimulating factor were significantly (P < .05) lower during the early postmenopausal period (< or = 10 years) than the values in premenopause and the elevated levels in the late postmenopausal period (< or = 30 years). A significant increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and a decline in transforming growth factor beta1 were found in late postmenopausal women. Serum levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in women receiving hormone replacement therapy were significantly higher than those in untreated postmenopausal women. Furthermore, hormone replacement therapy induced a significant (P < .01) increase in serum levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor, whereas serum levels of other cytokines were not affected. CONCLUSION: It is well documented that macrophage colony-stimulating factor lowers serum cholesterol concentrations and prevents atherosclerosis. Inducing the production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a possible additional mechanism of hormone replacement therapy in mediating the antiatherogenic effect.
Authors: Tess V Clendenen; Karen L Koenig; Alan A Arslan; Annekatrin Lukanova; Franco Berrino; Yian Gu; Goran Hallmans; Annika Idahl; Vittorio Krogh; Anna E Lokshin; Eva Lundin; Paola Muti; Adele Marrangoni; Brian M Nolen; Nina Ohlson; Roy E Shore; Sabina Sieri; Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Journal: Cytokine Date: 2011-10-19 Impact factor: 3.861
Authors: Oh Yoen Kim; Jey Sook Chae; Jean Kyung Paik; Hee Sun Seo; Yangsoo Jang; Jean-Marc Cavaillon; Jong Ho Lee Journal: Age (Dordr) Date: 2011-04-13