Physico-chemical characterization of polysaccharide vaccines.

An increasing number of sophisticated analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, are currently being applied to the quality control of polysaccharide and polysaccharide-based vaccines. These methodologies are providing more precise and more detailed profiles of these vaccines. NMR spectroscopy also provides a convenient and powerful technique to monitor alterations of the polysaccharide in the production of protein conjugate vaccines.