Mechanisms of clonal abortion tolerogenesis. II. Clonal behaviour of immature B cells following exposure to anti-mu chain antibody.

This paper uses B-lymphocyte cloning methods to quantify the effects of anti-mu chain antibody on immature and mature B cells. Nude mouse spleen lymphocytes were incubated with various concentrations of sheep anti-mouse mu chain antibody for times varying from 10 min to 24 h. They were then washed and plated in the agar B-cell colony formation assay. Five to six days later, control B cells had developed into colonies with a plating efficiency of about 5%. B cells from newborn mice pretreated with anti-mu yielded fewer colonies. Remarkably low concentrations sufficed to inhibit subsequent mitogenesis. For example, 3 microgram/ml acting for 1 h or 0.1 microgram/ml acting for 24 h gave greater than 50% inhibition. Adult B cells were about thirty-fold more resistant to negative signalling. Immature cells become more profoundly inhibited as anti-mu treatment was prolonged. Anti-Ia or anti-H2 antibodies, in the absence of complement, did not deliver a negative signal. Anti-mu pretreatment also reduced the capacity of immature B cells to form clones of anti-hapten antibody-forming cells in a liquid microculture system where the triggering stimulus was a T-cell independent antigen. Mature 'T-independent' B cells were not inhibited. Populations of hapten-specific B cells prepared by the hapten-gelatin method were investigated in the agar cloning system. Pretreatment of immature cells with anti-mu reduced their capacity to form colonies, this subpopulation of cells behaving like unfractionated B cells. Furthermore, hapten-HGG delivered a negative signal also. Mature hapten-specific cells or unfractionated immature spleen cells formed normal numbers of colonies following hapten-HGG treatment. Overall, the studies support the view that anti-mu antibody and hapten-HGG deliver strong negative signals to immature but not mature cells with appropriate receptors. The value of anti-mu as a model, universal tolerogen was supported. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis was performed to study the relationships between functional inhibition and Ig receptor modulation. We confirmed that the IgM receptors of immature B cells are more readily modulated by anti-mu antibody than those of mature cells. Furthermore, the receptor regeneration could be partially inhibited amongst immature but not mature B cells. There was not a close quantitative relationship between the degree of modulation and the degree of functional inhibition. The results did not support the view that irreversible receptor modulation as such was the cause of functional inhibition.