Traumatic pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula involving the middle meningeal artery.

Two cases of traumatic pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula involving the middle meningeal artery are reported with a review of the world literature on these specific entities. The two conditions appear to evolve through similar mechanisms and may lead to a confusing clinical picture. High quality angiography is important in making an early diagnosis, prior to performing a definitive surgical procedure.