Differences between cysteine and homocysteine in the induction of deoxyribose degradation and DNA damage.

The effect of two naturally occurring thiols, such as cysteine and homocysteine, has been examined for their ability to induce deoxyribose degradation and DNA damage. Copper(II) ions have been added to incubation mixtures and oxygen consumption measurements have been performed in order to correlate the observed damaging effects with the rate of metal catalyzed thiol oxidation. Ascorbic acid plus copper has been used as a positive control of deoxyribose and DNA oxidation due to reactive oxygen species. Cysteine or homocysteine in the presence of copper ions induce the degradation of deoxyribose and the yield of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), although important differences are observed between the two thiols tested, homocysteine being less reactive than cysteine. DNA cleavage is induced by cysteine in the presence of copper(II) ions but not by homocysteine. Catalase and thiourea, but not superoxide dismutase (SOD), were shown to inhibit the damaging effects of cysteine on deoxyribose or DNA suggesting that H(2)O(2) and *OH radicals are responsible for the observed induced damage. The results indicate that there are differences between the damaging effects of the two thiols tested towards deoxyribose and DNA damage. The pathophysiological importance will be discussed.