Tumor markers and molecular biological markers in gynecologic malignancies.

Gynecologic oncology is a rapidly growing field due to constant advances in immunohistochemistry and molecular biology. This review serves as an overview of new studies promoting the use of tumor markers and molecular biological prognostic factors in malignancies affecting women. The majority of studies focus on either endometrial or ovarian carcinoma. Other gynecologic malignancies (cervical, vulvar, and vaginal carcinoma) have a much smaller representation in the world literature. Multiple new markers were examined over the last year. We conclude that although some markers show promise as potential new consensus prognostic indicators, more work is needed to confirm results and clarify any existing discrepancies.