Neurotoxicity of hexachlorophene: new pathological and biochemical observations.

Twenty female rats with nursing litters were fed a diet containing 500 p.p.m. of hexachlorophene (HCP). The blood concentrations of hexachlorophene in mother rats were 4.7-6.0 mug/ml and in infant rats 2.0-2.5 mug/ml. Fifty percent of mother rats and 75% of infant rats died. Most of the surviving animals were asymptomatic apart from imparied visual function. Ten adult and 20 infant rats were killed by perfusion. Light- and electron-microscopic studies showed vacuolation of myelin in the central and peripheral nervous system and axonal degeneration which was especially severe in the optic nerves. After withdrawal of HCP hydrocephalus ex vacuo was present in the chronically intoxicated infant rats and the optic nerves showed marked atrophy and gliosis. Studies with liver mitochondria prepared from lactating hexachlorophene-fed rats showed a 50-75% inhibition of respiration with succinate as substrate.