High oxygen tension leads to acute cell death in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.

Increased oxygen tension in the central nervous system can be of relevance in different clinical situations, e.g. hyperbaric oxygen treatment during resuscitation of newborns in asphyxia as well as during seizures in children and adults where the supply of oxygen to tissue is increased by elevated cerebral blood flow. We focused on changes in neuronal tissue by investigating the impact of different oxygen tensions on juvenile rat hippocampal slice cultures using extracellular field potential recordings and propidium iodide (PI) staining for cell death determination. Slice cultures were prepared following the Stoppini technique (postnatal days 6-8). Electrophysiological responses in area CA1 to hilar stimulation were recorded every 15 min after an initial equilibration period of 60 min. Slice cultures maintained in 95% oxygen showed a 53% (S.E.M.=17%; n=10) run-down in amplitudes of the evoked responses over the observation time course of 90 min. In contrast, slice cultures maintained in 19% oxygen showed no run-down in amplitudes (S.E.M.=9%; n=18). PI staining of the slice cultures carried out immediately after the electrophysiological measurements indicated a dramatic cell death rate in the high oxygen tension group compared to those maintained in 19% oxygen. Interestingly, epileptiform activity (seizure-like events, spreading depression-like events) occurred in some slice cultures dependent on oxygen tension. Altered paired-pulse index of evoked responses suggests a loss of GABAergic function, especially in the 95% oxygen tension group. These results demonstrate a high sensitivity to oxygen in juvenile rat hippocampal slice cultures, in contrast to acutely prepared juvenile and adult rat hippocampal slices.