A patient with primary human immunodeficiency virus infection who presented with acute rhabdomyolysis.

Primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is usually symptomatic, and infected patients can present with a variety of symptoms. We describe a 51-year-old man who presented at our hospital with acute self-limited rhabdomyolysis and who was found to have primary HIV infection. Our case and other reports suggest that a diagnosis of primary HIV infection needs to be considered for patients who present with acute rhabdomyolysis.