BACKGROUND/AIMS: Little is known about endotoxin clearance and secretion of cytokines from macrophages in liver cirrhosis. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship of endotoxin clearance and release of tumor necrosis factor alpha by various macrophages to hepatic and renal disturbances in liver cirrhosis. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0.04% thioacetamide orally for 6 or 12 months. The organ distribution of infused [3H]-endotoxin (10 microg/kg b.w.) was analyzed at 30 min or at 24 h. Uptake of [3H]-endotoxin and secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha by Kupffer cells, splenic macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes (1 x 10(4) cells/ml) from cirrhotic and control rats were determined. RESULTS: In cirrhotic rats, more endotoxin was left in the body and more endotoxin accumulated in the spleen and kidney, and thus was related to elevation of serum total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Endotoxin uptake and tumor necrosis factor alpha release by the Kupffer cells were decreased and those by the splenic macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes were increased in cirrhotic rats. CONCLUSIONS: In liver cirrhosis, impaired clearance of endotoxin together with increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha by extrahepatic macrophages may play an important role in the progression of hepatic and renal disturbances.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Little is known about endotoxin clearance and secretion of cytokines from macrophages in liver cirrhosis. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship of endotoxin clearance and release of tumor necrosis factor alpha by various macrophages to hepatic and renal disturbances in liver cirrhosis. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0.04% thioacetamide orally for 6 or 12 months. The organ distribution of infused [3H]-endotoxin (10 microg/kg b.w.) was analyzed at 30 min or at 24 h. Uptake of [3H]-endotoxin and secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha by Kupffer cells, splenic macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes (1 x 10(4) cells/ml) from cirrhotic and control rats were determined. RESULTS: In cirrhotic rats, more endotoxin was left in the body and more endotoxin accumulated in the spleen and kidney, and thus was related to elevation of serum total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood ureanitrogen, creatinine and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Endotoxin uptake and tumor necrosis factor alpha release by the Kupffer cells were decreased and those by the splenic macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes were increased in cirrhotic rats. CONCLUSIONS: In liver cirrhosis, impaired clearance of endotoxin together with increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha by extrahepatic macrophages may play an important role in the progression of hepatic and renal disturbances.