Ankyrins and cellular targeting of diverse membrane proteins to physiological sites.

Ankyrins are spectrin-binding proteins that associate via ANK repeats with a variety of ion channels/pumps, calcium release channels and cell adhesion molecules. Recent studies in mice indicate that ankyrins have a physiological role in restricting voltage-gated sodium channels and members of the L1 CAM family of cell adhesion molecules to excitable membranes in the central nervous system and in targeting calcium-release channels to the calcium homeostasis compartment of striated muscle.