The rate-determining step in P450 C21-catalyzing reactions in a membrane-reconstituted system.

Adrenal cytochrome P450 C21 in a membrane-reconstituted system catalyzed 21-hydroxylation of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone at a rate higher than that for progesterone in the steady state at 37 degrees C. The rate of product formation in the steady state increased with the concentration of the complex between P450 C21 and the reductase in the membranes. The complex formation was independent of the volume of the reaction, showing that the effective concentrations of the membrane proteins should be defined with the volume of the lipid phase. The rates of conversion of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to the product in a single cycle of the P450 C21 reaction were measured with a reaction rapid quenching device. The first-order rate constant for the conversion of progesterone by P450 C21 was 4.3 +/- 0.7 s(-)1, and that for 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was 1.8 +/- 0.5 s(-)1 at 37 degrees C. It was found from the analysis of kinetic data that the rate-determining step in 21-hydroxylation of progesterone in the steady state was the dissociation of product from P450 C21, whereas the conversion to deoxycortisol was the rate-determining step in the reaction of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. The difference in the rate-determining steps in the reactions for the two substrates was clearly demonstrated in the pre-steady-state kinetics.