[Psychosocial consequences of screening for microalbuminuria and for some other risk factors].

OBJECTIVE: Obtaining insight into the psychosocial consequences of a screening programme for the progression of heart, vessel and kidney damage.
DESIGN: Questionnaire investigation.
METHOD: This study addressed participants in the 'Prevention of renal and vascular end-stage disease' (PREVEND) study, which included about 40,000 inhabitants of Groningen, the Netherlands, aged 28-75 years, who were asked to send in a vial with morning urine in order to detect microalbuminuria. People with microalbuminuria were invited to a general practitioners' laboratory to determine the risk factors: urinary protein concentration, blood pressure and blood cholesterol level. A questionnaire was sent to 335 participants of the screening who had received the screening results two weeks before.
RESULTS: The response rate was 75%. A minority of the respondents diagnosed with risk factors, expressed some concern. No influence on the wellbeing of this group of participants was established. Almost one-third of the respondents stated that they now 'lived according to healthier principles' because of the screening. On the other hand, there was a certain 'certificate of health effect': about half the smokers and the physically inactive saw the favourable screening result as a legitimation for their life style. An unfavourable screening result had led to additional medical consumption in almost half the respondents. The respondents appreciated the screening and especially the lower-educated had a very positive attitude towards early diagnosis in general.
CONCLUSION: The screening positives showed no diminished wellbeing; their health behaviour improved due to the screening and they had a higher medical consumption. About half the screening negatives regarded the results as a legitimation of their unhealthy life style.