Intra-ocular lens implantation in children.

Intra-ocular lens (IOL) implantation in a growing eye of a young child brings several problems unique to this age group. Better understanding of the rate of refractive growth in children's pseudophakic eyes may help predicting future refractions in these eyes more accurately. Opacification of the posterior capsule, if remained intact, interferes with visual rehabilitation in children. Primary posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy provides the clarity of visual axis. Optical rehabilitation of children with unilateral aphakia is usually problematic. Posterior chamber IOLs are preferred to anterior-chamber IOLs for secondary implantation. In the absence of adequate capsular support and contact lens intolerance, a scleral-fixated IOL can be implanted. Scleral fixation of a posterior chamber IOL has encouraging short-term results but the long-term risks are not known yet. Intra-ocular lens implantation in infants is associated with major complications and is not recommended at present. The occurrence of open angle glaucoma is a sight-threatening late complication of pediatric cataract surgery. Intra-ocular lens implantation plays a protective role against aphakic glaucoma in children.