Progress in the use of biochemical and biological markers for evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disorder which is predominant in females. The exact etiology remains undefined. Recently, a large number of biochemical and biologic markers, which are useful in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring therapy of RA, have been reported. The new markers include genetic markers, filaggrin, citrulline containing peptides, A2/RA33, cytokines, joint and collagen breakdown products, and bone turnover markers. No laboratory tests in and of themselves are diagnostic of RA. The new markers have been employed in monitoring RA patients during treatment and following the course of the disease. With the development of innovative therapies for RA, many of the biochemical and biologic markers will be useful.