BACKGROUND: The UVA-induced Persistent Pigment Darkening (PPD) in vivo has been proposed as an end point for the evaluation of UVA protection. AIMS: This study was designed to determine whether PPD can be used to correctly evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of UVA filters such as oxybenzone, avobenzone, ecamsule and zinc oxide concentrated and together with UVB filters. METHODS: The UVA protection effectiveness of a number of commercial sunscreen products with either SPF 15 or SPF 30 was determined. RESULTS: The UVA protection increased closely with the concentration of the UVA filters and was independent of UVB filters. The PPD method proved sensitive to all UVA filters irrespective of their range of absorbance within the UVA range. CONCLUSION: The results show PPD to be a stable end point inducible by all the UVA wavelengths, not affected by fluence rate, i.e. a reliable endogenous UVA dosimeter in the skin.
BACKGROUND: The UVA-induced Persistent Pigment Darkening (PPD) in vivo has been proposed as an end point for the evaluation of UVA protection. AIMS: This study was designed to determine whether PPD can be used to correctly evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of UVA filters such as oxybenzone, avobenzone, ecamsule and zinc oxide concentrated and together with UVB filters. METHODS: The UVA protection effectiveness of a number of commercial sunscreen products with either SPF 15 or SPF 30 was determined. RESULTS: The UVA protection increased closely with the concentration of the UVA filters and was independent of UVB filters. The PPD method proved sensitive to all UVA filters irrespective of their range of absorbance within the UVA range. CONCLUSION: The results show PPD to be a stable end point inducible by all the UVA wavelengths, not affected by fluence rate, i.e. a reliable endogenous UVA dosimeter in the skin.
Authors: Sérgio Schalka; Denise Steiner; Flávia Naranjo Ravelli; Tatiana Steiner; Aripuanã Cobério Terena; Carolina Reato Marçon; Eloisa Leis Ayres; Flávia Alvim Sant'anna Addor; Helio Amante Miot; Humberto Ponzio; Ida Duarte; Jane Neffá; José Antônio Jabur da Cunha; Juliana Catucci Boza; Luciana de Paula Samorano; Marcelo de Paula Corrêa; Marcus Maia; Nilton Nasser; Olga Maria Rodrigues Ribeiro Leite; Otávio Sergio Lopes; Pedro Dantas Oliveira; Renata Leal Bregunci Meyer; Tânia Cestari; Vitor Manoel Silva dos Reis; Vitória Regina Pedreira de Almeida Rego Journal: An Bras Dermatol Date: 2014 Nov-Dec Impact factor: 1.896
Authors: Jennifer Gherardini; Jeannine Wegner; Jérémy Chéret; Sushmita Ghatak; Janin Lehmann; Majid Alam; Francisco Jimenez; Wolfgang Funk; Markus Böhm; Natalia V Botchkareva; Chris Ward; Ralf Paus; Marta Bertolini Journal: Int J Cosmet Sci Date: 2019-04 Impact factor: 2.970