Unexpected birth trauma with near fatal consequences.

Rupturing of the liver due to delivery is an uncommon but severe birth trauma. Although described in the preterm neonate with very low birthweight or after complicated delivery, we present a case of capsular liver haemorrhage in a term newborn with normal birthweight after a seemingly uncomplicated delivery. The infant presented with severe shock and petechiae as first symptoms and initial therapy was based on the hypothesis of sepsis. Clinical suspicion of liver haemorrhage a few hours later was confirmed with abdominal ultrasound. Since shock was not amenable to fluid replacement therapy, the haemorrhage had to be managed surgically. Even without evidence of birth trauma, intra-abdominal bleeding must always be suspected in a newborn with suddenly prevailing shock and unexpected anaemia.