OBJECTIVE: The effects of combined physical activity and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal (PM) women are unclear. The purpose of the study was to test the following hypotheses: 1) PM women who have undergone vigorous exercise training have greater insulin sensitivity than PM women who are physically active and PM women who are sedentary, and 2) PM women using HRT have greater insulin sensitivity than PM women not using HRT. We also sought to determine whether body composition or cardiovascular fitness was the stronger predictor of insulin sensitivity in these women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Three groups of PM women classified as sedentary (n = 18), physically active (n = 19), and athletic (n = 23) underwent an insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test to determine the insulin sensitivity index (SI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine body composition. RESULTS: There was a significant association between both physical activity (P = 0.036) and HRT (P = 0.007) and fasting plasma insulin levels. The athletic PM women had the lowest plasma insulin levels and the highest SI. Across all physical activity levels, PM women using HRT (n = 29) had significantly lower fasting plasma insulin levels and a lower SI than PM women not using HRT (n = 31). HRT was significantly (P = 0.025) associated with intravenous glucose tolerance (KG); the women not using HRT had a higher K(G); than the PM women using HRT (0.83 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.60 +/- 0.05% per minute). Percent body fat (r = -0.37, P = 0.004) and VO2max (r = 0.35, P = 0.007) were similar predictors of SI. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, although overall HRT was associated with an attenuated SI, vigorous exercise training was independently associated with the greatest SI. In addition, PM women using HRT may benefit from having lower plasma insulin levels, but they may also have a lower SI.
OBJECTIVE: The effects of combined physical activity and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal (PM) women are unclear. The purpose of the study was to test the following hypotheses: 1) PM women who have undergone vigorous exercise training have greater insulin sensitivity than PM women who are physically active and PM women who are sedentary, and 2) PM women using HRT have greater insulin sensitivity than PM women not using HRT. We also sought to determine whether body composition or cardiovascular fitness was the stronger predictor of insulin sensitivity in these women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Three groups of PM women classified as sedentary (n = 18), physically active (n = 19), and athletic (n = 23) underwent an insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test to determine the insulin sensitivity index (SI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine body composition. RESULTS: There was a significant association between both physical activity (P = 0.036) and HRT (P = 0.007) and fasting plasma insulin levels. The athletic PM women had the lowest plasma insulin levels and the highest SI. Across all physical activity levels, PM women using HRT (n = 29) had significantly lower fasting plasma insulin levels and a lower SI than PM women not using HRT (n = 31). HRT was significantly (P = 0.025) associated with intravenous glucose tolerance (KG); the women not using HRT had a higher K(G); than the PM women using HRT (0.83 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.60 +/- 0.05% per minute). Percent body fat (r = -0.37, P = 0.004) and VO2max (r = 0.35, P = 0.007) were similar predictors of SI. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, although overall HRT was associated with an attenuated SI, vigorous exercise training was independently associated with the greatest SI. In addition, PM women using HRT may benefit from having lower plasma insulin levels, but they may also have a lower SI.
Authors: Deborah Clegg; Andrea L Hevener; Kerrie L Moreau; Eugenia Morselli; Alfredo Criollo; Rachael E Van Pelt; Victoria J Vieira-Potter Journal: Endocrinology Date: 2017-05-01 Impact factor: 4.736
Authors: Imo A Ebong; Karol E Watson; Kristen G Hairston; Mercedes R Carnethon; Pamela Ouyang; Moyses Szklo; Alain G Bertoni Journal: Maturitas Date: 2016-06-28 Impact factor: 4.342
Authors: Ulla M Ågren; Marjatta Anttila; Kristiina Mäenpää-Liukko; Maija-Liisa Rantala; Hilkka Rautiainen; Werner F Sommer; Ellen Mommers Journal: Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care Date: 2011-12 Impact factor: 1.848
Authors: Lina Hui Ying Lau; Jana Nano; Alexander Cecil; Florian Schederecker; Wolfgang Rathmann; Cornelia Prehn; Tanja Zeller; Andreas Lechner; Jerzy Adamski; Annette Peters; Barbara Thorand Journal: BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care Date: 2021-02
Authors: Annefleur Koopen; Julia Witjes; Koen Wortelboer; Soumia Majait; Andrei Prodan; Evgeni Levin; Hilde Herrema; Maaike Winkelmeijer; Steven Aalvink; Jacques J G H M Bergman; Stephan Havik; Bolette Hartmann; Han Levels; Per-Olof Bergh; Jamie van Son; Manon Balvers; Diogo Mendes Bastos; Erik Stroes; Albert K Groen; Marcus Henricsson; Ellis Marleen Kemper; Jens Holst; Christopher M Strauch; Stanley L Hazen; Fredrik Bäckhed; Willem M De Vos; Max Nieuwdorp; Elena Rampanelli Journal: Gut Date: 2021-10-25 Impact factor: 31.793