X Liu1, Z Sun, M Uchiyama, Y Li, M Okawa. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Medical University, People's Republic of China. liu7@niehs.nih.gov
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and to examine associations between nocturnal urinary control or enuresis and behavioral problems in Chinese children. METHOD: A community sample of 3,600 children aged 6 through 16 years was drawn from Shandong Province of China in 1997; 3,344 (93%) returned completed questionnaires. The Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher's Report Form were used to measure children's behavioral problems. RESULTS: The proportion of children attaining nocturnal urinary control before age 2 was 7.7%; by age 3, this had increased to 53.1%, and by age 5 to 93%. The overall prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 4.3%, with a significantly higher prevalence in boys than girls. There was no significant decrease in the prevalence of enuresis between 6 and 16 years of age. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that attaining nocturnal urinary control after age 4 and current enuresis were significantly associated with an increased risk of behavioral, emotional, and academic problems. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese children attain nocturnal urinary control earlier than Western children. The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis is low but fairly stable in children between 6 and 16 years. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and to examine associations between nocturnal urinary control or enuresis and behavioral problems in Chinese children. METHOD: A community sample of 3,600 children aged 6 through 16 years was drawn from Shandong Province of China in 1997; 3,344 (93%) returned completed questionnaires. The Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher's Report Form were used to measure children's behavioral problems. RESULTS: The proportion of children attaining nocturnal urinary control before age 2 was 7.7%; by age 3, this had increased to 53.1%, and by age 5 to 93%. The overall prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 4.3%, with a significantly higher prevalence in boys than girls. There was no significant decrease in the prevalence of enuresis between 6 and 16 years of age. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that attaining nocturnal urinary control after age 4 and current enuresis were significantly associated with an increased risk of behavioral, emotional, and academic problems. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese children attain nocturnal urinary control earlier than Western children. The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis is low but fairly stable in children between 6 and 16 years. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in children and adolescents.
Authors: Ellen M Kessel; Anna E S Allmann; Brandon L Goldstein; Megan Finsaas; Lea R Dougherty; Sara J Bufferd; Gabrielle A Carlson; Daniel N Klein Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2016-12-25 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Thomas M Hyde; Amy Deep-Soboslay; Bianca Iglesias; Joseph H Callicott; James M Gold; Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg; Robyn A Honea; Llewellyn B Bigelow; Michael F Egan; Esther M Emsellem; Daniel R Weinberger Journal: Brain Date: 2008-07-31 Impact factor: 13.501