A stress-induced calcium-dependent protein kinase from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum phosphorylates a two-component pseudo-response regulator.

McCDPK1 is a salinity- and drought-induced calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) isolated from the common ice plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. A yeast two-hybrid experiment was performed, using full-length McCDPK1 and truncated forms of McCDPK1 as baits, to identify interacting proteins. A catalytically impaired bait isolated a cDNA clone encoding a novel protein, CDPK substrate protein 1 (CSP1). CSP1 interacted with McCDPK1 in a substrate-like fashion in both yeast two-hybrid assays and wheat germ interaction assays. Furthermore, McCDPK1 was capable of phosphorylating CSP1 in vitro in a calcium-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that the use of catalytically impaired and unregulated CDPKs with the yeast two-hybrid system can accelerate the discovery of CDPK substrates. The deduced CSP1 amino acid sequence indicated that it is a novel member of a class of pseudo-response regulator-like proteins that have a highly conserved helix-loop-helix DNA binding domain and a C-terminal activation domain. McCDPK1 and CSP1 co-localized to nuclei of NaCl-stressed ice plants. Csp1 transcript accumulation was not regulated by NaCl or dehydration stress. Our results strongly suggest that McCDPK1 may regulate the function of CSP1 by reversible phosphorylation.