Localization and insulin-regulated relocation of phosphoinositide 5-kinase PIKfyve in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

The mammalian phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 5-P and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-P(2), thought essential in cellular functions, including membrane trafficking. To discern the intracellular loci of PIKfyve products' formation, we have examined the localization of PIKfyve protein versus enzymatic activity and a possible acutely regulated redistribution in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Subcellular fractions of resting cells that were positive for immunoreactive PIKfyve, such as cytosol ( approximately 76%), internal structures (low density microsomal fraction (LDM), composed of recycling endosomes, GLUT4 storage compartment, Golgi, and cytoskeletal elements) ( approximately 20%), and plasma membrane (( approximately )4%), expressed enzymatically active PIKfyve. While the presence of a FYVE finger in PIKfyve predicts early endosome targeting, density gradient sedimentation, immunoadsorption, and fluorescence microscopy analyses segregated the LDM-associated PIKfyve from the membranes of the recycling endosomes and GLUT4. PIKfyve fluorescence staining largely coincided with trans-Golgi network/multivesicular body markers, indicating PIKfyve's role in the late endocytic/biosynthetic pathways. A subfraction of particulate PIKfyve resisted nonionic detergent treatment, implying association with cytoskeletal structures, previously found positive for key members of the insulin signaling cascade. Upon acute stimulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with insulin or pervanadate, a portion of the cytosolic PIKfyve was recruited onto LDM, which was coupled with a commensurate increase of PIKfyve lipid kinase activity and an electrophoretic mobility shift. We suggest the recruited PIKfyve specifies the site and timing of phosphoinositide signals that are relevant to the acute insulin action.