Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis. II. Applications of genotyping.

The applications of genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis are reviewed. Published research to date has been conducted predominantly within the context of validating typing methods, and few studies have been specifically epidemiological. This is contrasted with the situation in human tuberculosis, where the application of restriction fragment length polymorphism typing using insertion sequence IS6110 has successfully led to insights into the epidemiology and molecular evolution of the pathogen. Based upon the medical experience, the adoption of an integrated approach which combines epidemiology and molecular biology is recommended for future studies. Accordingly, clear identification and explanation of type clustering should be possible, which should facilitate decisions related to disease control.