Valproate enhances N-cadherin production in Xenopus embryos.

Xenopus embryos were exposed to valproate (0, 20, 40, 80 mg/l) either before or after neural tube closure. The embryos were then homogenized and fractionated by gel electrophoresis, and N-cadherin was detected and measured with quantitative immunoblotting. Findings indicated that valproate exposure increased N-cadherin production in a dose-dependent manner. Embryos exposed prior to neural tube closure tended to be more sensitive to the effects of valproate. These findings suggest that alterations in N-cadherin-mediated adhesion or morphogenesis may partially explain the teratogenic mechanism of valproate.