Neurobehaviors and psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.

Psychotic symptoms are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and clinicoanatomical and neuropsychological evidence indicate an association between these symptoms and frontal lobe dysfunction. Neuro-behaviors associated with frontal dysfunction were assessed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with (n = 20) and without psychotic symptoms (n = 21) matched for mean age, education, gender, and dementia severity. The Frontal Lobe Personality Scale (FLOPs) was completed by patient caregivers to measure behaviors typically associated with frontal dysfunction. Findings indicated that AD patients with psychotic symptoms exhibited significantly greater neurobehavioral dysfunction (FLOPs M = 130.69, SD = 24.70) than AD patients without psychotic symptoms (FLOPs M = 111.10, SD = 25.83). Subscale analyses indicated that psychotic AD patients were more dis-inhibited (M = 28.28, SD = 7.54) than patients without psychotic symptoms (M = 20.92, SD = 4.9). Findings are consistent with and contribute to previous neuropsychological and clinicoanatomical research suggesting increased frontal dysfunction in AD with psychotic symptoms and lend additional empirical support to subtyping AD based on the presence of psychotic symptoms. Furthermore, findings provide preliminary evidence indicating which specific type of neurobehavioral abnormalities are related to the presence of distressing psychotic symptoms.