Monoclonal antibodies to mineralized matrix molecules of the avian eggshell.

The extracellular matrix of the mineralizing eggshell contains molecules hypothesized to be regulators of biomineralization. To study eggshell matrix molecules, a bank of monoclonal antibodies was generated that bound demineralized eggshell matrix or localized to oviduct epithelium. Immunofluorescence staining revealed several staining patterns for antibodies that recognized secretory cells: staining for a majority of columnar lining cells, staining for a minor sub-set of columnar lining cells, intensified staining within epithelial crypts, and staining of the entire tubular gland. Western blotting with the antibody Epi2 on eggshell matrix showed binding to molecules with the apparent molecular weight of eggshell matrix dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (eggshell DSPG). Immunoblots of cyanogen bromide-cleaved eggshell DSPG revealed broad band of reactivity that shifted to 25 kDa after chondroitinase digestion; indicating that the Epi2 binding site is located on a fragment which contains dermatan sulfate side chains. Immunogold labeling showed that Epi2 binds to secretory vesicles within the non-ciliated cells of the columnar epithelium, while the antibodies Tg1 and Tg2 bind to secretory vesicles of tubular gland cells. Immunogold labeling of demineralized shell matrix showed binding of Epi2, Tg1, and Tg2 to the matrix of the palisade layer, and showed little reactivity to other regions of the shell matrix. Quantification of the immunogold particles within the eggshell matrix revealed that antibodies Epi2 and Tg1 bind all calcified regions equally while antibody Tg2 has a greater affinity for the baseplate region of the calcium reserve assembly.