Renal physiology. Laparoscopic considerations.

Oliguria is a recognized component of the physiologic effect of increased intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal pressure. The cause is multifactorial, emanating from vascular and parenchymal compression, and is associated with systemic hormonal effects. Ureteral obstruction does not play a significant role. These changes are pressure-dependent and are usually not apparent until pressures reach 15 mm Hg or more. This effect is not associated with any histologic pathology or evidence of renal tubular damage. After the release of the pneumoperitoneum or pneumoretroperitoneum, the renal function and urine output return to normal with no long-term sequelae, even in patients with pre-existing renal disease. The entire operative team must understand the physiologic effects of CO2 insufflation, which allows appropriate intraoperative monitoring and management and minimizes intraoperative and postoperative complications.