Anaerobic Infections of the Lung.

Although the landmark investigational period for anaerobic pathogens occurred more than 20 years ago, pleuropulmonary infections caused by these pathogens remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite heightened awareness of pathogenicity and new diagnostic methods, the actual incidence of anaerobes in pulmonary infections--especially those occurring in hospitalized patients--remains controversial. Further complicating the management of these infections is the changing antimicrobial susceptibility of oral anaerobes, which has mandated the abandonment of penicillin monotherapy in seriously ill patients. This article reviews the pathogenesis of anaerobic pulmonary infections, their clinical presentations, and current management issues.