Infectious Endophthalmitis.

Infectious endophthalmitis can be caused by organisms from the environment entering the eye after ocular surgery (62%) or after penetrating ocular trauma (20%) (exogenous endophthalmitis), or can result from hematogeneous spread of organisms to the eye (8%) (endogenous endophthalmitis). Endophthalmitis is the most dreaded ocular infection, and carries one of the worst visual prognoses of all ocular infections. The symptoms of endophthalmitis are blurred vision, redness, and pain. The signs include conjunctival hyperemia, anterior chamber and vitreous cell, hypopyon, lid edema, chemosis, corneal edema, reduced red reflex, and afferent pupillary defect. The main treatment is intravitreal antibiotics used in conjunction with subconjunctival, topical, and intravenous antibiotics and corticosteroids.