Metalloproteinase increases in the injured rat spinal cord.

Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9 and MMP-2 after injury to the spinal cord (SCI) is demonstrated. MMP-9 activity maximized at 12-24 h, and MMP-2 rose at 5 days post-injury. MMP-3 was not detectable by zymographic analysis, so its level of expression was, at most, very low. The level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in the spinal cord was not altered by injury, perhaps permitting increased MMP-9 and MMP-2 activities in situ. Ablating them with an antibody demonstrated that infiltrating neutrophils were the principal source of MMP-9 activity after spinal cord injury, suggesting that neutrophils utilize that proteinase in responding to spinal cord injury. MMP-9 and MMP-2 probably contribute to breakdown of the extracellular matrix following SCI.