Trials of anti-tuberculosis treatment in areas of high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa.

Sub-Saharan Africa is bearing the brunt of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic, and HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) has become a major clinical and public health problem. There is evidence that HIV-infected patients not uncommonly develop disseminated TB, and that this diagnosis is often not made ante mortem because of limited diagnostic facilities and other factors. Where diagnostic facilities are limited, a trial of anti-tuberculosis treatment with drugs specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be a useful way of diagnosing disseminated TB. The case for and against 'a trial of treatment' is presented, and a suggestion is made that 'a trial of treatment' can be incorporated into the case finding package of a National TB Control Programme.